F. Perren
HUG, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Geneva, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosonology Unit – Geneva, Switzerland

Following aspects will be presented: brief introduction on: risk factors / strokes due to internal carotid and vertebral artery stenosis, epidemiological data, grading of the ICA/VA stenoses: methods and grading steps, assessment, hemodynamic effects, pitfalls, recommendations, review of the literature.